Academic

• Ph.D Microbiology - 1992 (Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai)

Professional

• 1992-1995, Postdoctoral, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
• 1995-1997, Postdoctoral, Sree Chitra Thirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram)
• 2002-2004, Visiting Scientist, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
• August –November, 2009, Visiting Scientist, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm and Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control (SMI), Solna, Sweden.